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为有罪者辩护/龙宗智

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为有罪者辩护

2001年1月17日 08:58 检察日报

  现代司法制度,这里主要是指审判制度,建立在何种哲学理念之上,我认为,可一言以蔽之:相对制度。这不是我的原创,法哲学家朗·L·富勒曾经在一个专门论述这一课题的讲话中称:“‘相对制度’涉及某种裁判上的哲学,道出了法庭内审判案件所应采取的关于进行方式的观念。”

  所谓相对制度,是指无论某种观点看来多么有理,或某种主张看来多么正当,都允许另外一种意见存在,而且提出主张者须和认否主张的权威行使者分开。就诉讼而言,就是一方面允许持不同主张的诉讼当事人都作为司法制度中的合理存在,而不允许“话语霸权”——只让我说话,不让你说话。另一方面,还要求诉讼当事人,即使是代表国家的原告人(通常是检察官),须和裁判官相分离,因为司法正义有一个基本的理念:任何人不能充当自己案件的法官。此外,在某些司法制度中,相对制度还包括将法官和陪审员的任务分开,从而使判决尽可能做到客观和摆脱偏私。相对制度并不要求原、被告律师以一种超然和毫不偏袒的方式报告案件。

  富勒先生就律师的职责作了说明:“律师的职责是帮助法官和陪审员以利害关系的目光来看该案件,因而同情于他的诉讼委托人在命运摆布之下的境遇。”

  相对制度中,最难以使普通人理解的一个问题是:刑事诉讼中,为什么允许律师为明明有罪的人辩护。这种辩护不仅为法律所允许,而且律师还可以因此而收取费用,当他从事这种活动并接受酬劳时还不会感到良心上的谴责。人们也许会说:“这总有点不妥吧!一方面我们设立司法机关判定一个人实际上是否有罪,但另一方面我们又准许手腕熟练的律师踏入法庭,利用他的说服本领帮助一个有罪的人。既然司法机关的整个目的是区分有罪无罪,那么律师就应该帮助达到此项目的,而让法庭知道他的诉讼委托人有罪。”

  根据现代司法制度中的相对哲学,大致可以从以下两个方面来回答这个疑问:第一个方面,涉及案件处理在程序上的正当性与实体上的正确性。一个被控有罪的人,他的罪不应在一个律师事务所里被私下认定,而应依照正当的法律程序在法庭里公开地加以判定,如果被告人所请教的每一位律师都因为他看上去有罪而拒绝接受办理该案件,那么被告人就犹如在法庭之外被判有罪,因而不能享有法律赋予他受到正式审判的权利。而且表面情形时常导致实质上的错误,许多人在表面上看来显属有罪,可是法律工作者认真细致的工作结果表明他们无罪,或者至少不像被指控的那样。

  第二个方面,是从认识论的角度来考虑,相对式争辩是抵御因某种认识倾向而形成偏见以及官僚弊端的最有效的工具。人们在对一个问题的调查认识过程中,常常会出现一种偏向,就是受自己角色的影响,自觉不自觉地从角色的角度去看问题,而忽略了其他方面。同时,在认识过程中,还有一种常见的认识模式,当初步判断形成时,就像形成了一个标签,于是,不再等待进一步的证明就迅速地把这条标签用在该案件上。富勒说:“律师们的辩论等于使案件置于正反两方意见之间悬而未决。使案件的正确类属如此维持在未确定状态中,便有时间可以探索它的一切特性和微妙差别。”

  最后,也是最为重要的,必须认识到人的权利的意义及其与社会治理规则的关系。“一个代表被告出庭的律师不仅代表他的诉讼委托人。他更代表社会本身的一种必需的利益。”如果要问这种必需的社会利益是什么,可以这样回答:第一,对公民权利的高度尊重。第二,社会惩罚其越轨者的程序能保持其正当性和健康性。第三,在法治规则下肯定不同利益,不同意见的合理存在,即社会的宽容精神。在这个意义上,可以说相对制度正是现代法治之精髓所在。

TRADE DESCRIPTIONS ORDINANCE ——附加英文版

Hong Kong


TRADE DESCRIPTIONS ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 362)
 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
  
  ion
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  pecial provisions applicable to goldware
  arking orders
  nformation to be given in advertisements
  II    FALSE TRADE DESCRIPTIONS OR REPRESENTATIONS AND FORGED
TRADE
  S
  pplying a trade description, trade mark or mark to goods
  ffences in respect of trade descriptions
  rade descriptions used in advertisements
  ffences in respect of trade marks
  False representations as to Royal approval or award. etc.
  False representations as to supply of goods
  Prohibited import and export of certain goods
  Power to exempt goods sold for export
  III   ENFORCEMENT
  Appointment of authorized officers
  Power to enter premises and inspect and seize goods and documents
  Restrictions on the entry and search of domestic premises
  Power to detain goods by locking or sealing premises or container
  Powers of arrest of authorized officers
  Disclosure of information, etc.
  Offences of obstruction and disclosure of information
  Penalties
  Time limit for prosecutions
  Offences by corporations
  Offences due to fault of other person
  Accessory to offences committed outside Hong Kong
  Samples
  Evidence by certificate
  Rule of evidence regarding imported goods with false trade
  ription
  Description of trade mark in pleading
  Defence mistake, accident, etc.
  Innocent publication of advertisements
  Costs in proceedings
  Power to make orders with respect to property in possession of
the
  n
  Forfeiture and disposal of certain goods
  [Repealed]
  IV    MISCELLANEOUS
  Trade marks containing trade descriptions
  Definition Orders
  Saving for civil rights
  Compensation for loss of goods seized under section 15 (1) (f)
 Whole document
  
  rohibit false trade descriptions, false marks and 
misstatements in
  ect of goods provided in the course of trade; to confer 
power to
  ire information or instruction relating to goods to be marked on
or to
  mpany the goods or to be included in advertisements; to prohibit 
the
  thorized use of devices or emblems signifying an award by the
Queen or
  Governor; to restate the law relating to forgery of trade marks; 
and
  purposes connected therewith.
  pril 1981.]
 PART I PRELIMINARY
  
  hort title.
  Ordinance may be cited as the Trade Descriptions Ordinance.
  nterpretation.
  In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
  ertisement" includes a catalogue, a circular and a price list;
  horized officer" means a public officer appointed under section
14;
  missioner" means the Commissioner of Customs and Excise and any
Deputy
  ssistant Commissioner of Customs and Excise; (Added, L. N.
294/82)
  vention country" has the meaning assigned to it by section 13A
(6) of
  Trade Marks Ordinance (Cap. 43.);
  se trade description" means--
  a trade description which is false to a material degree;
  a trade description which, though not false, is misleading, that
is to
  likely to be taken for such an indication of any of the 
matters
  ified in the definition of "trade description" as would be false
to a
  rial degree;
  anything which, though not a trade description, is likely to be 
taken
  an indication of any of the matters specified in the 
definition of
  de description" and, as such an indication, would be false 
to a
  rial degree;
  a false indication, or anything likely to be taken as an 
indication
  h would be false, that any goods comply with a standard specified 
or
  gnized by any person or implied by the approval of any person if
there
  o such person or no standard so specified, recognized or implied;
or
  a false indication, or anything likely to be taken as an 
indication
  h would be false, that any goods of any class or type--
  being goods in respect of which duty is payable under the laws
of Hong
  , are supplied free of the duty so payable in respect of that class
or
  of goods; or
  not being goods in respect of which duty is payable under the laws
of
  Kong, are supplied free of the duty so payable;
  ds" includes vessel and aircraft. things attached to land and 
growing
  s; "goods in transit" means goods which--
  are brought into Hong Kong solely for the purpose of taking them 
out
  ong Kong; and
  remain at all times in or on the vessel, aircraft or vehicle in
or on
  h they are brought into Hong Kong;
  ort" means to bring, or cause to be brought, into Hong Kong;
  mises" includes any place and any stall, vehicle, vessel or
aircraft;
  
  de description" means an indication, direct or indirect, 
and by
  ever means given, of any of the following matters with respect
to any
  s or parts of goods, that is to say--
  quantity (which includes length, width, height, area, 
volume,
  city, weight, and number), size or gauge;
  method of manufacture. production, processing or reconditioning;
  composition;
  fitness for purpose, strength, performance, behaviour or
accuracy;
  any physical characteristics not included in the preceding
paragraphs;
  testing by any person and results thereof;
  approval by any person or conformity with a type approved 
by any
  on;
  place  or  date  of  manufacture ,  production, 
processing  or
  nditioning;
  person by whom manufactured, produced, processed or
reconditioned;
  other history, including previous ownership or use;
  de mark" means--
  a trade mark relating to goods registered in Hong Kong under the
Trade
  s Ordinance (Cap. 43.);
  a trade mark registered in the register of trade marks kept under 
or
  erved by the Trade Marks Act 1938;
  a trade mark--
  registered, or in respect of which an application for
registration has
  made, in a British territory or a Convention country; and
  capable of registration in Hong Kong under the Trade Marks 
Ordinance
  trade mark relating to goods, and
  ) in respect of which a period of 6 months has not expired since 
the
  of the application for the registration thereof in a 
British
  itory or a Convention country.
  (a) For the purposes of this Ordinance, goods shall be deemed to 
have
  --
  manufactured in the country in which they last underwent a 
treatment
  rocess which changed permanently and substantially the shape, 
nature,
  or utility of the basic materials used in their manufacture; or
  produced in the country in which they were wholly grown or mined.
  The Commissioner may by order specify--(Amended, L. N. 294/82)
  in relation to any description of goods, what treatment or process 
is
  e regarded for the purposes of this Ordinance as resulting 
or not
  lting in a permanent and substantial change in shape, nature, form 
or
  ity of the basic materials used in their manufacture;
  in relation to any description of goods different parts of which
were
  factured or produced in different countries, or of goods
assembled in
  untry different from that in which their parts were 
manufactured or
  uced, in which of those countries the goods are to be regarded
for the
  oses of this Ordinance as having been manufactured or produced.
  This subsection shall not apply to goods which are the subject 
of a
  ce published under subsection (2A).
  The Director-General of Trade may by notice in the Gazette specify
in
  tion to any description of goods (being goods that are subject 
to a
  me of import or export control specified in the notice) the place 
in
  h the goods are to be regarded for the purposes of this Ordinance 
as
  ng been manufactured or produced, and any such goods shall, for 
the
  oses of this Ordinance, be deemed to have been 
manufactured or
  uced in such place. (Added 96 of 1991, s. 2)
  
  For the purposes of this Ordinance, a trade description or 
statement
  ished in any newspaper, book or periodical or in any film or sound 
or
  vision broadcast shall not be deemed to be a trade description
applied
  tatement made in the course of a trade or business unless it 
is or
  s part of an advertisement.
  pecial provisions applicable to goldware.
  Notwithstanding the definition of "false trade description" in
section
  trade description which indicates the fineness (whether in parts 
per
  sand or in carats) of gold shall be a false trade description if 
that
  cation is false to any extend or degree, except by understating 
the
  ness.
  For the purpose of construing descriptions relating to the
fineness of
  --
  a description indicating that an article, or the metal in an 
article,
  o many carats shall be presumed to be an indication that the 
article
  etal is of gold, and that its fineness is that specified in the 
table
  he Schedule for that number of carats;
  paragraph (a) shall not apply if (as in a case where the article
is a
  ious stone) the word "carat" is used as a measure of 
weight for
  ious stones, and not as a measure of fineness.
  Notwithstanding the definition of "false trade description" in
section
  
  a trade description which indicates that any article (other 
than an
  cle of pure gold) is of gold shall be a false trade description
unless
  article consists solely of gold alloy and--
  contains not less than 8 carats of gold; or
  bears a mark clearly indicating in carats, by number or by number
and
  letters "k", "c" or "ct", the fineness of the gold content; or
  ) bears a mark clearly indicating in parts per thousand the 
fineness
  he gold content; and
  a mark calculated to be taken as an indication of the fineness
of gold
  n article--
  which is plated with or enclose in gold alloy or gilded; or
  to which gold alloy is soldered or otherwise affixed, shall 
be a
  e trade description unless it is manifest from the appearance of 
the
  cle that the mark refers solely to the part of the article 
which
  ists of gold alloy.
  Any number of 1 or 2 digits on an article which indicates or 
purports
  ndicate, or is likely to be taken as an indication of, the fineness
in
  ts of its gold content shall be a false trade description unless 
the
  cle contains at least the same proportion of pure gold as the 
number
  s to 24.
  Any number of 3 digits on an article which indicates or 
purports to
  cate, or is likely to be taken as an indication of, the fineness 
in
  er of parts per thousand of its gold content shall be a false 
trade
  ription unless the article contains gold of such a 
standard of
  ness.
  For the purposes of this section "fineness" means the 
proportion of
  gold in accordance with subsection (4) or the number of 
parts by
  ht of gold in accordance with subsection (5) as the case may
require.
  
  arking orders.
  The Governor in Council may by order require that any goods 
specified
  he order shall be marked with or accompanied by any information
  ther or not amounting to or including a trade 
description) or
  ruction relating to the goods and, subject to the provisions of 
this
  nance, impose requirements for securing that the goods are so 
marked
  ccompanied, and regulate or prohibit the supply of goods with 
respect
  hich the requirements are not complied with; and the requirements 
may
  nd to the form and manner in which the information or instruction 
is
  e given.
  Where an order under this section is in force with respect to goods
of
  description, any person who, in the course of any trade or 
business,
  lies or offers to supply goods of that description in
contravention of
  order commits an offence.
  An order under this section may make different provision for
different
  umstances and may, in the case of goods supplied in 
circumstances
  e the information or instruction required by the order would 
not be
  eyed until after delivery, required the whole or part thereof 
to be
  displayed near the goods.
  nformation to be given in advertisements.
  The Governor in Council may by order require that any 
description of
  rtisements of any goods specified in the order shall contain or 
refer
  information (whether or not amounting to or including 
a trade
  ription) relating to such goods and subject to the provisions of 
this
  nance impose requirements as to the inclusion of that 
information or
  n indication of the means by which it may be obtained.
  An order under this section may specify the form and manner in 
which
  such information or indication is to be included in
advertisements of
  description and may make  different  provision  for 
different
  umstances.
  Where an advertisement of any goods to be supplied in the 
course of
  trade or business fails to comply with any requirement imposed 
under
  section, any person who publishes the advertisement 
commits an
  nce.
 PART II FALSE TRADE DESCRIPTIONS OR REPRESENTATIONS AND 
FORGED TRADE MARKS
  
  pplying a trade description, trade mark or mark to goods.
  A person applies a trade description or trade mark or mark to goods
if
  
  affixes or annexes it to or in any manner marks it on or 
incorporates
  ith--
  the goods themselves; or
  anything in, on or with which the goods are supplied;
  places the goods in, on or with anything which the trade 
description
  rade mark or mark has been affixed or annexed to, marked 
on or
  rporated with, or places any such thing with the goods;
  uses the trade description or trade mark or mark in any manner 
likely
  e taken as referring to the goods; or
  makes in any affidavit, declaration or writing any statement 
to the
  ct that a trade description or trade mark or mark is applicable
to the
  s.
  
  An oral statement may amount to the use of a trade 
description or
  e mark or mark.
  Where goods are supplied in pursuance of a request in which a 
trade
  ription or trade mark or mark is used and the circumstances are 
such
  o make it reasonable to infer that the goods are supplied as 
goods
  esponding to that trade description or trade mark or mark, the 
person
  lying the goods shall be deemed to have applied that trade
description
  rade mark or mark to the goods.
  ffences in respect of trade descriptions.
  Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, any person who--
  in the course of any trade or business--
  applies a false trade description to any goods; or
  supplies or offers to supply any goods to which a false 
trade
  ription is applied; or
  has in his possession for sale or for any purpose of 
trade or
  facture any goods to which a false trade description is 
applied.
  its an offence.
  A person exposing goods for supply or having goods in his 
possession
  supply shall be deemed to offer to supply them.
  Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance any person who
disposes of
  as in his possession any die, block, machine, or other instrument 
for
  purpose of making, or applying to goods a false trade 
description
  its an offence unless he proves that he acted without 
intent to
  aud.
  rade descriptions used in advertisements.
  The following provisions of this section shall have effect where
in an
  rtisement a trade description is used in relation to any 
class of
  s.
  The trade description shall be taken as referring to all goods
of the
  s, whether or not in existence at the time the 
advertisement is
  ished--
  for the purpose of determining whether an offence has been 
committed
  r section 7 (1) (a) (i); and
  where goods of the class are supplied or offered to be supplied 
by a
  on publishing or displaying the advertisement, also for the
purpose of
  rmining whether an offence has been committed under section 7 (1)
(a)
  .
  In determining for the purposes of this section whether any goods 
are
  class to which a trade description used in an advertisement 
relates,
  rd shall be had not only to the form and content of the 
advertisement
  also to the time, place, manner and frequency of its publication 
and
  other matters making it likely or unlikely that a person to whom 
the
  s are supplied would think of the goods as belonging to the class 
in
  tion to which the trade description is used in the advertisement.
  
  ffences in respect of trade marks.
  Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, any person who--
  forges any trade mark;
  falsely applies to any goods any trade mark or any mark so 
nearly
  mbling a trade mark as to be calculated to deceive;
  makes any die, block, machine or other instrument for the 
purpose of
  ing, or of being used for forging, a trade mark;
  disposes of or has in his possession any die, block, machine or 
other
  rument for the purpose of forging a trade mark; or
  causes to be done anything referred to in paragraph (a), (b), (c)
or
  commits an offence unless he proves that he acted without intent 
to
  aud.
  Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, any person who 
sells or
  ses or has in his possession for sale or for any purpose of trade 
or
  facture, any goods to which any forged trade mark is applied, 
or to
  h any trade mark or mark so nearly resembling a trade mark as 
to be
  ulated to deceive is falsely applied, commits an offence.
  For the purposes of this section, a person shall be deemed--
  to forge a trade mark who either--
  without the assent of the proprietor of the trade mark, makes 
that
  e mark or a mark so nearly resembling that trade mark as 
to be
  ulated to deceive; or
  falsifies any genuine trade mark, whether by alteration, 
addition,
  cement or otherwise;
  falsely to apply to goods a trade mark who without the assent of 
the

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1994年清产核资资产价值重估实施细则

财政部


1994年清产核资资产价值重估实施细则
财政部


第一条 根据《资产核资办法》(1994年用)(以下简称“办法”)第四章有关资产价值重估的规定,特制定本实施细则。
固定资产价值重估的范围
第二条 《办法》第二十三条所称“对帐面价值与实际价值背离较大的主要固定资产进行价值重新估价”,是指企业、单位对1984年以来因生产资料价格改革和物价上升,造成1992年底以前购建形成的,帐面价值与1992年实际价值背离较大的主要固定资产进行价值重估。


第三条 《办法》第二十四条规定不进行资产价值重估的企业、单位具体指:
(一)行政、非企业管理的事业单位:是指国家机关、政党机关、社会团体;实行全额、差额预算管理的事业单位。
(二)中外合资企业:是指我国的公司、企业或其他经济组织依照《中华人民共和国中外合资企业法》的规定,与外国的企业、经济组织或个人在我国境内联合投资举办的企业。
第四条 《办法》第二十五条之(二)“按国家有关规定属于限制使用、淘汰和待处理、待报废的固定资产”,是指国家有关部门批准公布的限制使用、淘汰设备和已淘汰待报废的设备。
第五条 《办法》第二十五条之(二)“已提足折旧逾龄的固定资产”,主要是指已提足折旧并已超过财政部规定的固定资产分类折旧年限表规定的折旧年限的固定资产。
第六条 《办法》第二十五条之(二)“进口设备(含购进的二手进口设备)形成的固定资产原则上不进行价值重估”,主要指1979年至1992年其价格高于或基本等于国内同类产品价格的进口设备。但对1979年至1992年进口的价格明显低于国内同类产品价格、又未超
过原规定折旧年限的主要大型设备,可以进行重估。
第七条 《办法》第二十五条之(二)“由于产权变动按国家规定已进行过评估的资产”,主要指1989年以后(含1989年)由于产权变动按国家有关规定已进行过评估的各项资产,凭各级国有资产管理部门出具的资产评估确认证明,原则上不再进行资产价值重估。
第八条 待界定固定资产不进行价值重估。
第九条 重估后的固定资产净值按重估后的固定资产原值升值幅度相应调整。对于有些实行企业管理的事业单位,执行固定资产计提折旧制度时间不长,造成固定资产净值与实际价值明显不符的,资产重估后,其净值可按照固定资产的成新率(固定资产尚能使用年限与规定使用年限之
比)计算。
价值重估统一标准目录的编制
第十条 《办法》第二十六条所称“固定资产价值重估,由企业、单位根据财政部清产核资办公室组织有关部门制定的《清产核资价值重估统一标准目录》(以下简称《价值重估统一标准目录》)进行”,即采取“统一要求,分工协作,逐步完善”的办法,由各主管部门在分工协作的
基础上,按照国家规定的基本方法和要求,根据1984年以来资产价格变动情况,编制分行业的《价值重估统一标准目录》,同时财政部清产核资办公室委托国家统计局城市社会经济调查总队对主要资产的价格进行调查,然后由财政部清产核资办公室进行整理、汇总,并会同国家计委物
价局审核平衡后,形成全国的《1994年清产核资固定资产价值重估统一标准目录》。分工原则如下:
(一)通用的机电设备、仪器、仪表部分以机械工业部为主负责编制。
(二)房屋、建筑物、构筑物、城市市政公用设施和城建机械及建筑机械设备等部分以建设部为主负责编制。
(三)行业专用机械设备和行业归口管理产品(设备)、行业专用构筑物,均以归口管理的行业主管部门为主负责编制;对于两个以上部门都有生产的,以国家规定的归口管理部门为主负责编制。
第十一条 各专业主管部门将需要重估的主要固定资产,由大类、品名延伸到主要品种的规格和型号进行编制,要避免部门之间的重复。
资产价值重估的方法
第十二条 物价指数法的具体操作方法
企业、单位根据《价值重估统一标准目录》列出的产品集团价格指数或小类价格指数,逐项进行重估,公式为:
(一)1984年底以前购建资产的重估原值=帐面原值(含安装费、运杂费、包装费和税费等,下同)×1992年比1984年的价格指数。
(二)1984年以后购建固定资产的重估原值=帐面固定资产原值×1992年比购置年度(即1985~1991年各年度)的价格指数。
(三)重估目录中未列出资产价值重估价格指数的设备,企业需要重估时,可按该设备归属的小类价格指数进行重估。如在小类中仍未列出,可按该设备归属的大类价格指数,进行资产价值重估。
第十三条 国家定价法的具体操作方法
企业、单位根据《价值重估统一标准目录》列出的资产规格型号所对应的价格,逐项进行重估,公式为:
(一)1984年底以前购置的固定资产重估原值=原实际购入价格+(1992年价格-1984年价格)+原实际安装费、运杂费×1992年比1984年安装费上升指数。凡在重估目录中只列出1992年而未列出1984年价格的,按指数法进行重估。
(二)1984年以后购置形成的固定资产,重估后原值=1992年价格+原实际安装费×1992年比购置年度安装费上升指数。帐面价格已高于1992年价格的,不再重估。
第十四条 对于数量较多、帐面价值低于固定资产标准,又作为固定资产管理的专用设备,可按该类固定资产购置年度的价格指数进行重估。
第十五条 大中型企业帐面原值在5万元以下量大额小的固定资产,可按行业固定资产分类,按该类固定资产购置年度的综合平均价格指数进行重估。
第十六条 按《办法》第二十六条之(三)规定,对少量采用重置成本法进行重估的固定资产,由企业、单位的专门重估小组或委托持有国有资产评估资格证书的资产评估机构,按重置成本法确定重估价值。
第十七条 对1979年—1992年进口引进的需要进行资产价值重估的设备,参照1992年国际市场价格,按中国人民银行公布的1992年人民币外汇牌价平均价折合人民币进行价值重估。
对于难以参照国际市场价格的引进设备,可按照汇率变动幅度进行价值重估,具体计算公式为:
(一)1984年底以前购进的进口设备重估原值=帐面原值(人民币)×(1992年原进口外币的人民币平均价/1984年原进口外币的人民币平均价)。
(二)1984年以后购进的进口设备重估后原值=帐面原值(人民币)×(1992年原进口外币的人民币平均价/购置年度原进口外币人民币平均价)。
(三)1984年—1991年人民币外汇牌价调整幅度委托国家外汇管理局测算提供。
属于用外汇贷款购置的进口设备进行重估后,其重估升值数应相应冲减已转入递延资产或财务费用的汇兑损益部分,差额调整进口设备价值。
资产价值重估的组织实施
第十八条 财政部清产核资办公室具体负责组织、协调清产核资资产价值重估工作的实施。
第十九条 《办法》第二十八条规定“资产价值重估工作结束后,各企业、单位要提出资产价值重估工作报告”,填报固定资产价值重估申报表(编报说明及表式见附件),于1994年8月底前汇总后报同级清产核资办公室,同时抄送国有资产管理部门。工作报告的具体内容为:
(一)资产价值重估升值总额占重估前的固定资产原值和属于重估范围的固定资产原值的比例;重估范围内的固定资产帐面原值中,运用各种重估方法所占的比例,以及各种方法重估的升值总额与升值幅度。
(二)资产价值重估后,将对增强企业更新改造能力和推动技术进步产生什么作用。
(三)预计分析资产价值重估调帐后,对企业产品成本构成及经济效益影响如何,自我消化能力如何。
(四)预计分析资产价值重估调整帐后,企业按现行规定提取折旧存在哪些问题,有什么意见和建议。
(五)资产价值重估工作的基础准备、组织发动、具体实施等工作情况。
(六)资产价值重估工作结束后,有关部门对价值重估结果检查验收情况,及存在的问题和需要反映的情况。
第二十条 根据《办法》第二十八条规定,在确认企业、单位资产价值重估结果时,如发现企业、单位违反《清产核资办法》及本实施细则有关资产价值重估的规定,致使重估结果失实的,可参照1991年11月16日国务院颁布的《国有资产评估管理办法》第五章的规定进行处理

第二十一条 资产价值重估结果经批准后,按国家有关规定调整固定资产等有关帐目,计提折旧。
第二十二条 企业、单位资产价值重估后,若发生国有资产产权变动,仍应根据《国有资产评估管理办法》进行资产评估。
附 则
第二十三条 本实施细则适用于进行清产核资工作的企业、单位。
第二十四条 各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市,国务院各部门、有关计划单列企业集团要严格按照本细则规定执行,同时要根据本实施细则,结合实际情况制定出切实可行的具体实施办法,并报财政部清产核资办公室备案。
附:“固定资产价值重估申报表”填报说明及表式

附:固定资产价值重估申报表填报说明
一、本表由企业、单位填列固定资产价值重估结果,编写重估报告,按规定程序申报,经审核批准后据此调帐,并分析重估后的实际承受能力(即预计可提取年折旧额)和不同重估方法的运用情况。
二、本表数字还作为固定资产价值重估结果的统计汇总用。计算机汇总分析程序由财政部清产核资办公室负责编制,统一进行数据处理上报。
三、本表有关项目之间的关系
2行=3行+···+11行=12行=13行+···+17行≠1行
重估前应提年折旧额(7栏)=1994年1季度折旧额×4
重估后应提年折旧额(8栏)=重估后原值×年折旧率
预计可提取年折旧额(10栏)≤重估后年折旧额(8栏)
四、本表3行土地类、如没有评估升值,则不填列此行。
五、第17行数字请依据资产评估报告书填列,该行由在清产核资中产权发生变动,已进行资产评估的企业填列。
固定资产价值

填报单位: 年 月 日
-------------------------------------------
| | 固定资产原值 | 固定资产净值
| |----------|----------
项 目 |行 |重估前|重估后|增幅|重估前|重估后|增幅
| | | |% | | |%
|次 |---|---|--|---|---|--
| | 1 | 2 |3 | 4 | 5 | 6
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
固定资产合计 |1 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
其中:属于重(评)估的固定资产 |2 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
1.土地类 |3 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
2.房屋、建筑物类 |4 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
3.通用设备类 |5 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
4.专用设备类 |6 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
5.交通运输设备类 |7 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
6.电器设备类 |8 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
7.电子产品及通讯设备类 |9 | | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
8.仪器仪表、计量标准衡器具类 |10| | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
9.其它类 |11| | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
采用不同方法重(评)估的固定资产 |12| | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
1.物价指数法重估的固定资产 |13| | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
2.国家定价法重估的固定资产 |14| | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
3.重置成本法重估的固定资产 |15| | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
4.汇率变动法重估的固定资产 |16| | | | | |
------------------|--|---|---|--|---|---|--
5.资产评估方法评估的固定资产 |17| | | | | |
-------------------------------------------
注:2行=3行+···+11行=12行=13行+···+17行≠1行;制表:
11栏=2栏-1栏;12栏=5栏-4栏。
主管部门清产核资办公室审核意见(公章)

同级财政部门(财政中企处或建设银行重估申报表)
国清申报01表
金额单位:元
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| 年折旧额 | 重估增减净额
|--------------------|--------------
|重估前应提|重估后应提|增幅|预计可提取| 原值 | 净值
| | | %| | |
|-----|-----|--|-----|------|-------
| 7 | 8 | 9| 10 | 11 | 12
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联系电话: 审核: 主管领导: 法人代表(章):
审核意见(公章) 同级政府清产核资办公室意见(公章)



1994年2月22日